African Studies Review is the principal academic and scholarly journal of the African Studies Association. ASR appears three times per year in April, September, and December, and is one of the many benefits of membership. The mission of the ASR is to publish the highest quality articles, as well as book and film reviews in all academic disciplines that are of interest to the interdisciplinary audience of ASA members.

• Vol-5 No-1 (1962)
• - Map Resources On Africa
• - African Studies Review
• - Proposal For Compilation of A Guide To Unpublished Documentation Relating To Africa In The United States
• Vol-5 No-4 (1962)
• - A Tribute To Governor Williams
• Vol-46 No-1 (2003)
• - Legacies of Engagement: Scholarship Informed By Political Commitment
• - La RéVolte Des Femmes: Economic Upheaval and The Gender of Political Authority In Lomé, Togo, 1931–
• - Responding To Crisis: Patterns of Health Care Utilization In Central Kenya Amid Economic Decline
• - Perceptions of Unequal Access To Primary and Secondary Education: Findings From Nigeria
• Vol-47 No-1 (2004)
• - Challenges Facing African Universities: Selected issues
• - Comments On “Challenges Facing African Universities”
• - The Promise of Partnership and Continuities of Dependence: External Support To Higher Education In Africa
• - Comments On “The Promise of Partnership and Continuities of Dependence”
• Vol-47 No-2 (2004)
• - Child Labor and Africanist Scholarship: A Critical Overview
• - The Civility of Incivility: Grassroots Political Activism, Female Farmers, and The Cameroon State
• - Introduction - Asr Focus: islamism In West Africa
• Vol-47 No-3 (2004)
• - “Village Life is Better Than Town Life”: Identity, Migration, and Development In The Lives of Ugandan Child...
• - “Me Do Wu,” My Val: The Creation of Valentine'S Day In Accra, Ghana
• - Juju and Justice At The Movies: Vigilantes In Nigerian Popular Videos
• - Media Accountability and Democracy In Nigeria, 1999–200
• - Creating Modernities Through Conversation Groups: The Everyday Worlds of Hausa Migrants In Niamey, Niger
• - Zenzele: African Women'S Self-Help Organizations In South Africa, 1927–1998
• - Language, Names, and War: The Case of Angola
• Vol-48 No-1 (2005)
• - Global Flows: Terror, Oil, and Strategic Philanthropy
• - Cuban Abakuá Chants: Examining New Linguistic and Historical Evidence For The African Diaspora
• - African Studies In China In The Twentieth Century: A Historiographical Survey
• - History, The Nation-State, and Alternative Narratives: An Example From Colonial Douala
• - Citizens and Foreigners: Democratization and The Politics of Exclusion In Africa
• Vol-48 No-2 (2005)
• - Mourning and The Imagination of Political Time In Contemporary Central Africa
• - The Apocalyptic Interlude: Revealing Death In Kinshasa
• - (IM)Possible Belgian Mourning For Rwanda
• - Funerals and Belonging: Different Patterns In South Cameroon
• - The Political Undead: is It Possible To Mourn For Mobutu'S Zaire?
• - The Political Stakes of Academic Research: Perspectives On Johannesburg
• - Beneath International Famine Relief In Ethiopia: The United States, Ethiopia, and The Debate Over Relief Aid,...
• Vol-48 No-3 (2005)
• - Identities In Transition: Shifting Conceptions of Home Among “Black” South African University Students
• - Ngoma Memories: How Ritual Music and Dance Shaped The Northern Kenya Coast
• - State Creation In Nigeria: Failed Approaches To National Integration and Local Autonomy
• - Foreign Aid and Democratization: Benin and Niger Compared
• - Bearing Witness To Mass Murder
• - Lending A Voice To The Voiceless: The Quest For Justice In Umutesi'S Narrative
• - Suffering and Survival In Central Africa
• - On Behalf of Ordinary People: Bridging The Gap Between High Politics and Simple Tragedies
• Vol-49 No-1 (2006)
• - The Ordeal of Modernity In An Age of Terror
• - What is Africa To Me? Knowledge Possession, Knowledge Production, and The Health of Our Bodies Politic In...
• - The State, Private Sector Development, and Ghana'S “Golden Age of Business”
• - Visions of Apes, Reflections On Change: Telling Tales of Great Apes In Equatorial Africa
• - Cosmologies In Collision: Pentecostal Conversion and Christian Cults In Asmara
• - Colonial Legacies and Postcolonial Authoritarianism In Tanzania: Connects and Disconnects
• Vol-49 No-2 (2006)
• - Autochthony and The Crisis of Citizenship: Democratization, Decentralization, and The Politics of Belonging
• - The War of “Who is Who”: Autochthony, Nationalism, and Citizenship In The Ivoirian Crisis
• - Bailleurs Autochtones Et Locataires AllogèNes: Enjeu Foncier Et Participation Politique Au Cameroun
• - Baka and The Magic of The State: Between Autochthony and Citizenship
• - Sons of Which Soil? The Language and Politics of Autochthony In Eastern D.R. Congo
• - Transplants and Transients: Idioms of Belonging and Dislocation In Inner-City Johannesburg
• - Allochthons, Colonizers, and Scroungers: Exclusionary Populism In Belgium
• Vol-49 No-3 (2006)
• - Local Violence, National Peace? Postwar “Settlement” In The Eastern D.R. Congo (2003–2006)
• - Popular Culture and Public Space In Africa: The Possibilities of Cultural Citizenship
• Vol-50 No-1 (2007)
• - is It Ethical To Study Africa? Preliminary Thoughts On Scholarship and Freedom
• - Framing Reparations Claims: Differences Between The African and Jewish Social Movements For Reparations
• - Africa'S New Territorial Politics: Regionalism and The Open Economy In CôTe D'Ivoire
• - Political Transition Without Transformation: The Dialectic of Liberalization Without Democratization In Kenya...
• - is A New Worldwide Web Possible? An Explorative Comparison of The Use of ICTs By Two South African Social...
• Vol-50 No-2 (2007)
• - Life Begins At Fifty: African Studies Enters Its Age of Awareness
• - Marginal Gains Revisited
• - Regional Shifts—Marginal Gains and Ethnic Stereotypes
• - Marginal Gains, Market Values, and History
• - Formalities of Poverty: Thinking About Social Assistance In Neoliberal South Africa
• - Currency Devaluation and Rank: The Yoruba and Akan Experiences
• - When People Cross Thresholds
• - Incalculable Payments: Money, Scale, and The South African offshore Grey Money Amnesty
• - Households and The Social Organization of Consumption In Southern Ghana
• - The Efficacy of The Economy
• - The Telling Challenge of Africa'S Economies
• - Africa Has Never Been “Traditional”: So Can We Make A General Case? A Response To The Articles
• Vol-50 No-3 (2007)
• - Reciprocal Comparison and African History: Tackling Conceptual Eurocentrism In The Study of Africa'S...
• - Constituting The Unsafe: Nigerian Sex Workers' Notions of Unsafe Sexual Conduct
• - Implications of HIV/AIDS For Rural Livelihoods In Tanzania: The Example of Rungwe District
• - Friends and Interests: China'S Distinctive Links With Africa
• - Modern Agricultural History In Malawi: Perspectives On Policy-Choice Explanations
• Vol-51 No-1 (2008)
• - Ralph Bunche and African Studies: Reflections On The Politics of Knowledge
• - The Rabbi'S Well: A Case Study In The Micropolitics of Foreign Aid In Muslim West Africa
• - The Gambia'S 2006 Presidential Election: Change Or Continuity?
• - TòKana: The Collapse of The Rural Malagasy Community
• Vol-51 No-2 (2008)
• - Individualism, Community, and Cooperatives In The Development Thinking of The Union Soudanaise-Rda, 1946–1960
• - Rape In The Courts of Gusiiland, Kenya, 1940S–1960S
• - Polygyny and Christian Marriage In Africa: The Case of Benin
• - Reading The Diary of Akinpelu Obisesan In Colonial Africa
• - A Critical Examination of Honor Cultures and Herding Societies In Africa
• Vol-51 No-3 (2008)
• - Research, Therapy, and Bioethical Hegemony: The Controversy Over Perinatal Azt Trials In Africa
• - Gacaca: Truth, Justice, and Reconciliation In Postconflict Rwanda?
• - The Elephant In The Room: Confronting The Colonial Character of Wildlife Conservation In Africa
• - Some Reflections On Making Popular Culture In Urban Africa
• - Any Color of The Rainbow—As Long As It'S Gray: Dramatic Learning Spaces In Postapartheid South Africa
• - “Neopatrimonialism” and Agricultural Development In Africa: Contributions and Limitations of A Contested...
• Vol-52 No-1 (2009)
• - Rereading The History and Historiography of Epistemic Domination and Resistance In Africa
• - Hunger, Healing, and Citizenship In Central Tanzania
• - Female Genital Cutting: Cultural Rights and Rites of Defiance In Northern Tanzania
• - The Environmental and Social History of African Sacred Groves: A Tanzanian Case Study
• - AḥMadu Bamba'S Pedagogy and The Development of ʿAjamī Literature
• - Rethinking Patrimonialism and Neopatrimonialism In Africa
• Vol-52 No-2 (2009)
• - Anticolonial Nationalism In French West Africa: What Made Guinea Unique?
• - Introduction: Guinea-Bissau Today—The Irrelevance of The State and The Permanence of Change
• - From The Margins of The State To The Presidential Palace: The Balanta Case In Guinea-Bissau
• - “Culture Stops Development!”: Bijagó Youth and The Appropriation of Developmentalist Discourse In...
• - Death and The Left Hand: islam, Gender, and “Proper” Mandinga Funerary Custom In Guinea-Bissau and Portugal
• - “We Work Hard”: Customary Imperatives of The Diola Work Regime In The Context of Environmental and Economic...
• - Conflictual Motion and Political Inertia: On Rebellions and Revolutions In Bissau and Beyond
• - Guinea-Bissau Yesterday… and Tomorrow
• Vol-52 No-2 (2008)
• - Wage Labor, Precarious Employment, and Social Inclusion In The Making of South Africa'S Postapartheid...
• Vol-52 No-3 (2009)
• - Becoming Indigenous In Africa
• - Shifting Paradigms and The Politics of AIDS In Zambia
• - The Politics of Education In Kenyan Universities: A Call For A Paradigm Shift
• - Itineraries of Revival and Ambivalence In Postcolonial North African Cinema: From Benlyazid'S Door To The...
• - Rethinking Property and Society In GondäRine Ethiopia
• - Achieving Political Objectives: South African Defense Priorities From The Apartheid To The Postapartheid Era
• - From Data Problems To Data Points: Challenges and Opportunities of Research In Postgenocide Rwanda
• Vol-53 No-1 (2010)
• - African Diasporas: Toward A Global History
• - Beyond Reforms: The Politics of Higher Education Transformation In Africa
• - Do We Understand Life After Genocide? Center and Periphery In The Construction of Knowledge In Postgenocide...
• - Some Perspectives On The Migration of Skilled Professionals From Ghana
• - Patron–Client Relationships and Low Education Among Youth In Kano, Nigeria
• Vol-53 No-2 (2010)
• - Putting Africa'S House In Order To Deal With Developmental Challenges
• - Superb Intentions and U.S. Policy Constraints
• - Community-Based Organizations (CBOS) and Norms of Participation In Tanzania: Working Against The Grain
• - Developments In African Governance Since The Cold War: Beyond Cassandra and Pollyanna
• - Diary Evidence For Political Competition: Mambila Autoethnography and Pretensions To Power
• - Views From Below On The Pro-Poor Growth Challenge: The Case of Rural Rwanda
• - Faction Fights, Student Protests, and Rebellion: The Politics of Beer-Drinks and Bad Food In The Transkei,...
• - Business Visibility and Taxation In Northern Cameroon
• Vol-53 No-3 (2010)
• - African Films In The Classroom
• - Getting Close To Rwandans Since The Genocide: Studying Everyday Life In Highly Politicized Research Settings
• - Private Sector Involvement In Public History Production In South Africa: The Sunday Times Heritage Project
• - Postcolonial Cosmopolitan Music In Dar Es Salaam: Dr. Remmy Ongala and The Traveling Sounds
• - Cape Verdean and Mozambican Women'S Literature: Liberating The National and Seizing The Intimate
• - Sociopolitical Crisis and The Reconstruction of Sustainable Periurban Agriculture In Abidjan, CôTe...
• - The Clergy, Culture, and Political Conflicts In Nigeria
• Vol-54 No-1 (2011)
• - “A School In The Interior” African Studies: Engagement and Interdisciplinary
• - Democracy and Peace In The Age of Globalization: Old Problems, New Challenges For Africa
• - The Politics of Government Expenditures In Tanzania, 1999–2007
• - The Rise of African Studies (USA) and The Transnational Study of Africa
• - Raoul Peck'S Lumumba and Lumumba: La Mort Du ProphèTe: On Cultural Amnesia and Historical Erasure
• - Do Ethnic Groups Retain Homogenous Preferences In African Politics? Evidence From Sierra Leone and Liberia
• - Farm Intensification and Milk Market Expansion In Meru, Tanzania
• - The Negotiations of Nigerian Seamen In The Transition From Colonialism To Independence: Smuggling To Make Ends...
• Vol-54 No-2 (2011)
• - Silence, Disobedience, and African Catholic Sisters In Apartheid South Africa
• - Update On The Women'S Movement In Botswana: Have Women Stopped Talking?
• - Informal Economies and Urban Governance In Nigeria: Popular Empowerment Or Political Exclusion?
• - The Informal Sector In Jinja, Uganda: Implications of Formalization and Regulation
• - Revisiting “Mandingization” In Coastal Gambia and Casamance (SENEGAL): Four Approaches To Ethnic Change
• - Insights From The Cocoa Regions In CôTe D'Ivoire and Ghana: Rethinking The Migration–Conflict Nexus
• - The Participation of Sadc and Ecowas In Military Operations: The Weight of National Interests In...
• - New World Disorder: Black Hawk Down and The Eclipse of U.S. Military Humanitarianism In Africa
• Vol-54 No-3 (2011)
• - The History and Legacy of The Asaba, Nigeria, Massacres
• - Modern Media and Culture In Senegal: Speaking Truth To Power
• - The Radical Press and Security Agencies In Nigeria: Beyond Hegemonic Polarities
• - Autochtonie, LibéRalisation Politique, Et Construction D'Une SphèRe Publique Locale Au Cameroun
• - Oil and The Production of Competing Subjectivities In Nigeria: “Platforms of Possibilities” and...
• - Pride and Shame In Ghana: Collective Memory and Nationalism Among Elite Students
• - Agrarian Populism In Colonial and Postcolonial Malawi
• Vol-55 No-1 (2012)
• - Gender, Justice, and The Environment: Connecting The Dots
• - The Political Economy of Democratic Reform In Kenya
• - Land and The Quest For A Democratic State In Kenya: Bringing Citizens Back In
• - The Political Economy of Reforms In Kenya: The Post-2007 Election Violence and A New Constitution
• - Reform and Political Impunity In Kenya: Transparency Without Accountability
• - Land Conflict and Distributive Politics In Kenya
• - The Congo (DRC) Fifty Years After Independence
• - The Congo'S Independence Struggle Viewed Fifty Years Later
• - The Structural Roots of The Drc'S Current Disasters: Deep Dilemmas
• - External Economic Exploitation In The Drc: 1990–2005
• - The Continuing Process of Decolonization In The Congo: Fifty Years Later
• - China In Ethiopia: Diplomacy and Economics of Sino-Optimism
• - Changing Strategies In Marketing Kenya'S Tourist Art: From Ethnic Brands To Fair Trade Labels
• Vol-55 No-2 (2012)
• - Pastoral Production In Colonial Kenya: Lessons From The Past?
• - The New Sexual Violence Legislation In The Congo: Dressing Indelible Scars On Human Dignity
• - The South African Sexual offences Act and Local Meanings of Coercion and Consent In Kwazulu Natal: Universal...
• - Locating Neocolonialism, “Tradition,” and Human Rights In Uganda'S “Gay Death Penalty”
• - Situating Sexual Violence In Rwanda (1990–2001): Sexual Agency, Sexual Consent, and The Political Economy of...
• - International Human Rights, Gender-Based Violence, and Local Discourses of Abuse In Postconflict Liberia: A...
• Vol-55 No-3 (2012)
• - Rethinking Chimurenga and Gukurahundi In Zimbabwe: A Critique of Partisan National History
• - Deploying Development To Counter Terrorism: Post-9/11 Transformation of U.S. Foreign Aid To Africa
• - Minority Rights, Culture, and Ethiopia'S “Third Way” To Governance
• - The Local Politics of Ethiopia'S Green Revolution In South Wollo
• - Disability Rights Activism In Kenya, 1959–1964: History From Below
• - The Sight, Sound, and Global Traffic of Blackness In Blood Diamond
• Vol-56 No-1 (2013)
• - Pregnancy and Bodies of Knowledge In A South African University
• - Remembering Work On The Tazara Railway In Africa and China, 1965–2011: When “New Men” Grow Old
• - Chinese Devils, The Global Market, and The Declining Power of Togo’S Nana-Benzes
• - African Pentecostal Migrants In China: Marginalization and The Alternative Geography of A Mission Theology
• - Ghana, China, and The Politics of Energy
• - Perceptions of Chinese In Southern Africa: Constructions of The “Other” and The Role of Memory
• Vol-56 No-2 (2013)
• - Contradictions In Creating A Jihadi Capital: Sokoto In The Nineteenth Century and Its Legacy
• - Confronting The Politics of Nonconforming Sexualities In Africa
• - A Macro-Level Analysis of The Scope, Causes, and Consequences of Homophobia In Africa
• - Some Reflections On Postcolonial Homophobia, Local Interventions, and Lgbti Solidarity Online: The Politics of...
• - Meanings of Homosexuality, Same-Sex Sexuality, and Africanness In Two South African Townships: An...
• - The Origins of Senegalese Homophobia: Discourses On Homosexuals and Transgender People In Colonial and...
• - of Extensive and Elusive Corruption In Uganda: Neo-Patronage, Power, and Narrow Interests
• - The Morality of The U.N. Security Council Sanctions Against Eritrea: Defensibility, Political Objectives, and...
• - Obama’S Africa Policy: The Limits of Symbolic Power
• - Africa: Beware of Obama’S Second Term
• Vol-56 No-3 (2013)
• - Large-Scale Land Deals and Local Livelihoods In Rwanda: The Bitter Fruit of A New Agrarian Model
• - “Wanton and Senseless” Revisited: The Study of Warfare In Civil Conflicts and The Historiography of The...
• - Asr Forum: Engaging With African Informal Economies
• - Mama Benz In Trouble: Networks, The State, and Fashion Wars In The Beninese Textile Market
• - Capital’S New Frontier: From “Unusable” Economies To Bottom-of-The-Pyramid Markets In Africa
• - Women Informal Garment Traders In Taveta Road, Nairobi: From The Margins To The Center
• - Institutions, Security, and Pastoralism: Exploring The Limits of Hybridity
• - Lagos Tailors, Trade Unions, and Organizations In The Informal Economy
• - Informality, Religious Conflict, and Governance In Northern Nigeria: Economic Inclusion In Divided Societies
• Vol-57 No-1 (2014)
• - The Politics of Land Reform In Kenya 2012
• - The Spread of Economic Doctrines and Policymaking In Postcolonial Africa
• - Exploring The Middle Classes In Nairobi: From Modes of Production To Modes of Sophistication
• - Ali A. Mazrui, The Postcolonial Theorist
• - A Better Intellectual Community is Possible: Dialogues With Ali A. Mazrui
• - Julius Nyerere, Ujamaa, and Political Morality In Contemporary Tanzania
• - Radio Call-In Shows On Intimate issues In Benin: “Crossroads of Sentiments”
• - The Politics of Decentralization In Ghana’S Fourth Republic
• - “Hybrid Governance,” Legitimacy, and (IL)Legality In The Informal Cross-Border Trade In Panyimur, Northwest...
• Vol-57 No-2 (2014)
• - The Politics of New African Marriage In Segregationist South Africa
• - The White Wedding: Affect and Economy In South Africa In The Early Twentieth Century
• - Marriage and Bridewealth (ILOBOLO) In Contemporary Zulu Society
• - African Marriage Regulation and The Remaking of Gendered Authority In Colonial Natal, 1843–1875
• - Queer Agency In Kenya’S Digital Media
• - Hegemonic African Masculinities and Men’S Heterosexual Lives: Some Uses For Homophobia
• - Sakawa Rituals and Cyberfraud In Ghanaian Popular Video Movies
• - Being-In-The-World In The Global Age: Marginal Spaces As Alternative Places In The Belgian–Moroccan...
• Vol-57 No-3 (2014)
• - African Women’S Movements In The Twentieth Century: A Hidden History
• - Anatomy of Kuduro: Articulating The Angolan Body Politic After The War
• - Reversals of Exile: Williams Sassine’S Wirriyamu and Tierno MonéNembo’S Pelourinho
• - Inscribing Identity and Agency On The Landscape: of Pathways, Places, and The Transition of The Public Sphere...
• - Forced Resettlement, Ethnicity, and The (UN)Making of The Ndebele Identity In Buhera District, Zimbabwe
• - Land, Power, and Dependency Along The Gambia River, Late Eighteenth To Early Nineteenth Centuries
• - Informal Institutions and Personal Rule In Urban Ghana
• - Comparing The Spla’S Role In Sudan’S 1997 and 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreements: To Spoil Or Not To Spoil
• Vol-58 No-1 (2015)
• - Witchcraft, Justice, and Human Rights In Africa: Cases From Malawi
• - Jean-Marie Teno’S Documentary Modernity: From Millennial Anxiety To Cinematic Kinship
• - Games of Seduction and Games of History: Alioum Moussa’S Fashion Victims In Niamey, Niger
• - Africa’S Intoxicating Beer Markets
• - Cell Phones and Alienation Among Bulsa of Ghana’S Upper East Region: “The Call Calls You Away”
• - Grand Designs: Assessing The African Energy Security Implications of The Grand Inga Dam
• - Oil, Power, and Poverty In Angola
• - The Elephant Problem: Science, Bureaucracy, and Kenya’S National Parks, 1955 To 1975
• - Changes and Challenges of The Kenya Police Reserve: The Case of Turkana County
• Vol-58 No-2 (2015)
• - Integrated Yet Marginalized: Implications of Globalization For African Development
• - Voluntarism, Virtuous Citizenship, and Nation-Building In Late Colonial and Early Postcolonial Tanzania
• - At The Service of Community Development: The Professionalization of Volunteer Work In Kenya and Tanzania
• - Seeking Incorporation? Voluntary Labor and The Ambiguities of Work, Identity, and Social Value In Contemporary...
• - Obscuring and Revealing: Muslim Engagement With Volunteering and The Aid Sector In Tanzania
• - Adaptive Livelihood Strategies In Conservation-Induced Displacement: The Case of The Baka of East Cameroon
• - From Autochthony To Violence? Discursive and Coercive Social Practices of The Mai-Mai In Fizi, Eastern Dr Congo
• - Rwanda and Ethiopia: Developmental Authoritarianism and The New Politics of African Strong Men
• - Negotiating Love and Marriage In Contemporary Senegal: A Good Man is Hard To Find
• Vol-58 No-3 (2015)
• - Manthia Diawara’S Waves and The Problem of The “Authentic”
• - Neoliberal Rationalities In Old and New Nollywood
• - New Nollywood: A Sketch of Nollywood’S Metropolitan New Style
• - The Winds of African Cinema
• - What Are Women’S Rights Good For? Contesting and Negotiating Gender Cultures In Southern Africa
• - Virginity Testing, History, and The Nostalgia For Custom In Contemporary South Africa
• - Female Sexuality As Capacity and Power? Reconceptualizing Sexualities In Africa
• - Sino-Cameroon Relations: A Foreign Policy of Pragmatism
• Vol-58 No-3 (0000)
• - Postcolonial Borderland Legacies of Anglo–French Partition In West Africa
• Vol-59 No-1 (2016)
• - Misguided and Misdiagnosed: The Failure of Decentralization Reforms In The Dr Congo
• - Encouraging Rebel Demobilization By Radio In Uganda and The D.R. Congo: The Case of “Come Home” Messaging
• - Joking Through Hardship: Humor and Truth-Telling Among Displaced Timbuktians
• - Development and Progress As Historical Phenomena In Tanzania: “Maendeleo? We Had That In The Past”
• - Boundary-Making and Pastoral Conflict Along The Kenyan–Ethiopian Borderlands
• - “Whether They Promised Each Other Some Thing is Difficult To Work Out”: The Complicated History of Marriage...
• - “Marrying Out” For Love: Women’S Narratives of Polygyny and Alternative Marriage Choices In Contemporary...
• - Expressions of Masculinity and Femininity In Husbands’ Care of Wives With Cancer In Accra

Please consult any recent issue of ASR for examples of correct style. Please note that these instructions are guidelines only and are meant to facilitate the publication process. In most instances the copy editor will communicate with the author about appropriate modifications.

The manuscripts should be prepared as an MS WORD 97-2003 document (or as generic a MS WORD document). Manuscript text should be single-spaced throughout.

Please include the following sections in the following order:

• MS title (in boldface). Please note that for the sake of search-engine visibility, it is preferable to place the main clause of the title first, with any subtitle (e.g., the “poetic” or evocative phrase) following, rather than preceding, a colon. 
• Author name(s)
• A short (~100 words) bio for each author, including institutional affiliation, e-mail address, and other relevant information (e.g., recent publications, ongoing research interests, etc.) 
• A short abstract (50–100 words) that summarizes the essential points of the paper (it is not meant to be an introduction or a mere list of topics). 
• Key Words (a short list, 5-10 words or short phrases)
• Text (please do not number the pages or include any headers or footers)
• Acknowledgments (if desired)
• References (please note that this is essentially a works cited section; it should contain only references to works that have been cited in the text)
• Notes
• Tables or figures (each on a separate page). Please make sure that all such graphic elements are referred to parenthetically in the text (e.g., “see table 1”)

TEXTUAL ELEMENTS

PARAGRAPHS The first sentence of the article (or the first sentence after a subheading) is placed flush left. All other paragraphs are indented (you can use the .5 setting of the paragraph indentation setting in MS WORD). Do not leave a blank line between paragraphs. Text should be left-justified throughout except for block quotations, which are indented. Insert only one space between sentences. Use the New Times Roman 12 font.

SPELLING The primary spelling authority for the ASR is Merriam Webster's Collegiate Dictionary ; the spell check function of MS WORD (set for U.S. English) will also suffice. In general, please use U.S. rather than U.K. spelling, except for direct quotations. When abbreviations are used, they carry periods (i.e., e.g.) except for the most familiar acronyms (such as UNESCO). Abbreviations for phrases such as “such as” or “for example” are acceptable only within parentheses; if they appear in the sentence itself, they should be written out. For state names, ASR prefers the conventional abbreviation rather than the postal code (Mass., not MA). All names and titles must be spelled out the first time they are introduced in the text, with the acronym placed in parentheses: for example, African Studies Association (ASA).

TEXTUAL EMPHASIS The only forms of textual emphasis used in ASR production are italics and bold (for section headings). Please do not format any text by underlining. Please note, however, that italics for emphasis within a sentence should be used sparingly, and mostly for the sake of disambiguating the meaning.

ITALICS Words in languages other than English are italicized at the first occurrence only; use appropriate orthography, including diacritical marks and accents. Subsequent occurrences of these words should not be italicized. Please note that italics are not needed for non-English names of organizations. Titles of published works (books, newspapers, journals) and of films are italicized. Foreign words and phrases in common usage (and found in an English dictionary) should not be in italics. 

BOLDING is only used in the following contexts: 

• The title of the article
• The word Abstract that precedes the abstract text
• Section and subsection headings

HEADINGS If you wish to divide your article into sections, section headings may be used. Please do so sparingly, however—normally, only first-level headings (Head 1s) are needed. Head 1s should be placed flush left and in boldface. If Head 2s seem necessary, they should be formatted in boldface and italics. Do not use numbers as part of the section headings.  

NUMBERS Numbers from one to one hundred are spelled out in the text, unless part of an enumeration that contains a number larger than one hundred (“67 infants, 114 children, and 50 adults”), in an arithmetical expression (“a frequency of 1 in 18”), or in a vote (“the bill passed, 76–69).  Numbers from 101 upward are written as numerals, except for round numbers: three hundred, fifteen hundred, six thousand. Percentages are expressed in figures, with the word spelled out (98 percent). In reference to parts of books, numerals are not spelled out (“chapter 6,” “page 5”). Century designations are spelled out: “seventeenth century,” “nineteenth-century labor practices.” A decade is referred to as “the 1960s” or “the sixties” (not “the 1960's”). When inclusive pages are cited, digits are elided in the following manner: pages 100–103, 103-4 (not 103–04), 174–76.  A span of years cited within a single century should appear as “l978–79”(not “1978–1979”). Please note that inclusive numbers or a span of numbers in a date (June 6–8) are separated by a one-en dash, not a hyphen. Dates should be written as June 14, 1980 (not 14 June 1980 or June 14th, 1980). Ordinal numbers, where necessary, should not be written in superscript (14th, not 14^th; 2nd, not 2^nd). Hours of the day are written as, e.g., 2:00 a.m., 6:00 p.m.

PUNCTUATION Use American-style punctuation: double quotation marks (but single quotation marks for quotes within quotes), periods and commas inside quotation marks, colons and semi-colons outside quotation marks. ASRuses the serial comma (“There were three children, thirteen adults, and six pets.”) A parenthetic dash should appear as a one-em dash with no space before or after the dash. 

QUOTATIONS Direct quotations exceeding four manuscript lines of type should be set off from the text by indenting the entire quotation one stop from the left (i.e., .5 inches). No further indentation is necessary for the first quoted paragraph; the first line of subsequent paragraphs in the same block quote should have an additional paragraph indent. Any clarifying material added by the author within the quoted portion should be enclosed in square brackets. (However, minor syntactical changes do not require brackets around a single letter, as with an initial capitalization.) If the source of the citation is not clear from the text immediately preceding the quotation, it should be provided in parentheses at the end of the block quote, after the period. Omissions in a quotation are indicated by an ellipsis: three periods (each separated by a space) where one or more words have been omitted. If the omission occurs at the end of a sentence, an initial period after the last word precedes the ellipsis. 

CITATIONS IN TEXT Parenthetic citations should be used in the text sparingly, and mostly for the sake of identifying the source of a quotation. They may also be used to point readers to important sources on a certain topic (e.g.: “see Smith 1996”). Please note that in-text citations are not needed for purely factual material (although important sources on a particular topic can be cited with a “see” note, as above, or explained in the body of an endnote). Please use self-citations (i.e., an author’s citation to him- or herself) sparingly; citations to the author’s previous work can also be explained in an endnote. Parenthetic citations should contain the name of the author and the date (no comma is used), and the page number of the quotation: 

(Smith 1996:132); or Smith (1996:132) if the citation is included as part of a sentence in the text.

(Bascom & Herskovits 1970); or Bascom and Herskovits (1970) in the body of the text. (Please note the use of the ampersand [&] in the former case.

For three or more authors use the abbreviation “et al.
(Greene et al. 1991) or Greene et al. (1991)

Citations to several different authors (e.g., as important sources for the subject matter of the article) should be separated by semi-colons. Please note, however, that very long strings of parenthetic citations tend to be unpleasing cosmetically; in many cases, they should be moved to the endnotes section.

(Jones 1991; Smith 1982; Wilson 1986); or Smith (1982), Jones (1991), and Wilson (1986)

Citations to several references by the same author are separated by commas.

(Green 1985, 1990, 1996) or Green (1985, 1990, 1996)

If no author is specified, cite the issuing group or the publisher of the report.

(United Nations 1993), (Committee on Ethics 1991)

Interviews and personal communications should be cited in the text but not in the References section. Include the location andthe date of the interview or conversation.

Jane Doe (interview, Nairobi, August 21, 1998).

REFERENCES The References section is essentially a “works cited” section. Except for personal communications (which are only cited in the text proper), all references cited in text must appear here. However, do not include any references that do not appear as citations in the text. Most Reference sections list only books and articles. In some cases (especially for manuscripts that contain a great deal of ethnographic data), it is useful to provide a list of quoted interviewees, along with relevant identifying information. Manuscripts that cite archival data also will need to include a separate subsection for archival references. In such cases, the copy editor will communicate with the author to request specific modifications to the usual References section.

Alphabetize the reference list by author’s last name. Two or more works by the same author or authors should be listed chronologically; two or more by the same author or authors in the same year should be alphabetized by the first significant word in the title and differentiated by lowercase letters following the date (e.g., 1977a, 1977b).

The following are examples of references. Please note the hanging indent form. Also note that inclusive pages (e.g., 1–35) are separated by an en-dash rather than a hyphen.

1. Book, single author.

Ainsworth, Mary D. S. 1967. Infancy in Uganda. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Note. Full first name(s) of author(s) should be included if possible. If a publisher has offices in two cities, only the first city named in the book should be included.

2. Book, multiple authors.

Hammond, Dorothy, and Alta Jablow. 1992. The Africa That Never Was: Four Centuries of British Writing About
    Africa. 2nd edition Prospect Heights, Ill.: Waveland Press.

Note. Place only the first author’s name in reverse order. For name of publisher, do not include "and Company," “Inc.,” “Publishers,” “Publishing Company,” and so forth.  If the city is not well known, include state name or country with place of publication unless the location is clear from the name of the publisher (e.g., a state university press). “Cambridge” should be differentiated as “Cambridge, Mass” or “Cambridge, U.K.”

3. References with more than one entry for an author.

Mudimbe, V. Y. 1988. The Invention of Africa: Gnosis, Philosophy and the Order of Knowledge. Bloomington:
    Indiana University Press.

_________.1991. Parables and Fables: Exegesis, Textuality, and Politics in Central Africa. Madison: University of
    Wisconsin Press.

Note. A three-em dash followed by a period takes the place of the author's name in the second entry.

4. Edited book, listed by editor(s).

Douglas, Mary, and Phyllis Kaberry, eds. 1971. Man in Africa. Garden City, N.Y.: Anchor Books.

5. Article in edited book.

Werbner, Richard. 1996. “Introduction: Multiple Identities, Plural Arenas.” In Postcolonial Identities in Africa, edited
    by Richard Werbner and Terence Ranger, 1–28.  London: Zed Books.

Note.  Full first name(s) of editor(s) should be included if possible. The “pp.” abbreviation is unnecessary before the page numbers.

6. Dissertation.

Ciekawy, Diane Marie. 1992. Witchcraft Eradication as Political Process in Kilifi District, Kenya, 1955–1988.  Ph.D.
    diss., Columbia University.

7. Article in journal.

Geschiere, Peter. 1988a. “Sorcery and the State: Popular Modes of Political Action among the Maka.” Critique of
    Anthropology 8 (l): 35–63.

8. Manuscript in press.

Mamdani, M., and Achille Mbembe. In press. “CODESRIA and Neocolonialism.” In Comparative Approaches in
    Development Economics, ed. Jonathan Jones, Jennifer Flowers, and William J. Clinton.  Cambridge, U.K.:
    Cambridge University Press.

Note.  Use this form only if the manuscript has been accepted for publication. 

9. Unpublished manuscript. Note that the very absence of publication information indicates that a manuscript is unpublished (there is no need to note “unpublished”). Both the title of an article and the title of an unpublished a book-length monograph appears in quotation marks (rather than italic font for the latter).

Munroe, Ruth H., and Robert L. Munroe. 1971. “Quantified Descriptive Data on Infant Care in an East African
    Society.”  

10. Paper presented at meeting.

Onuegeogwu, M. 1978. “Urbanization in the Kano Close Settlement Zone.” Paper presented at the 7th Annual
    Meeting of the Nigerian Sociological and Anthropological Association, Ibadan, November 15–19.

11. Foreign publication.

Laburthe-Tolra, P. 1988. Initiations et sociétés secrètes au Cameroun. Paris: Karthala.

Note.  The city name is anglicized, but the publisher's name is not. It is the author's responsibility to provide the correct form of names (“Alvarez Garcia, Manuel," not “Alvarez, Manuel Garcia"). Capitalization of non-English titles is in sentence style (only the first word of the title and any words always capitalized in the language are capitalized).

12. Translated publications.

Bourdieu, Pierre. 1977. Outline of a Theory of Practice. Translated by Richard Nice.  Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge
    University Press.

13. Internet sources.

References to Web pages should contain the website address instead of publication information. In general, the Internet address can be shortened to provide just the general address of the site. Please delete any automatically generated hyperlink.

NOTES All notes should be formatted as endnotes following the References section. Note numbers should be inserted manually as superscript numbers in the text. Please do not use the “Insert Endnote” function of MS WORD; in other words, the notes should not be “embedded” in the document. In most cases, superscript note numbers can appear at the end of the sentence in the text; avoid placing note numbers in the middle of a sentence. Note numbers should never be attached to display material (the title or subheadings). 

Where possible, combine notes within a paragraph; generally, one composite note at the end of the paragraph is sufficient.

Endnotes are useful mostly for added discursive material that cannot be included conveniently in the text or that is somewhat peripheral or inessential to the main argument. Particularly long strings of citations can also be moved from the text to the Notes section.

TABLES, MAPS, FIGURES, GRAPHS, PHOTOS, ETC. For articles containing graphic elements, the copyeditor will consult with the publisher, Cambridge University Press, and with the author regarding the adequacy of the images provided and any modifications that are needed. Please note that only black-and-white images can be reproduced in print, although color images can appear in the online version of the article. Graphics can be used only with the permission of the original source (which must be obtained in writing) and source information must be provided in a caption.

Elliot Fratkin, Anthropology, Smith College, Usa

Editor

Sean Redding, History, Amherst College, Usa

Editor

Mitzi Goheen, Anthropology And Black Studies, Amherst College, Usa

Editor Emerita

John Lemly, English, Mount Holyoke College, Usa

Book Review Editor

Richard Waller, History Department Bucknell University Lewisburg

Book Review Editor

Kenneth Harrow, Michigan State University, Usa

Film Review Editor

Cajetan Iheka, English, The University Of Alabama, Usa

Film Review Editor

Ella Kusnetz

Managing Editor

Rowland Abiodun, History Of Art And Black Studies, Amherst College, Usa

Member

Elias Bongmba, Religion, Rice University, Usa

Member

Catherine Boone, Government And International Development, London School Of Economics, Uk

Member

Stephen Clingman, English, University Of Massachusetts Amherst, Usa

Member

Mamadou Diouf, African Studies, Columbia University, Usa

Member

Peter Geschiere, Anthropology, University Of Amsterdam, Netherlands

Member

Mwangi Wa Gĩthĩnji, Economics, University Of Massachusetts, Amherst, Usa

Member

Jane Guyer, Anthropology, Johns Hopkins University, Usa

Member

Tabitha Konogo, History, University Of California Berkeley, Usa

Member

V.y. Mudimbe, Literature, Duke University, Usa

Member

Anne Pitcher, Political Science, University Of Michigan, Usa

Member

Judith Van Allen, Institute For African Development, Cornell University, Usa

Member